Antimicrobial thienyliodonium salt methods and compositions

ABSTRACT

The present invention is concerned with novel antimicrobial thienyliodonium salts and methods and compositions employing the same, and is particularly directed to a class of thienyliodonium salts which are of value as antimicrobials and microbicides for the control of many bacterial organisms such as the gram-negative and gram-positive types, the molds, the mildews, the fungi and the slimes, and are of particular value for the preservation of paper, plaster, wallboards, fabric, textiles, cooling waters, plasticizers, latices, polymers, resins, adhesives, inks, paints, fuels, cutting oils, greases, seeds, terrestrial plants, detergents, soaps, shampoos and wood.

[451 May 20, 1975 ANTIMICROBIAL TI-IIENYLIODONIUM SALT METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS [75] Inventor: Clarence L. Moyle, Clare, Mich.

[73] Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company,

Midland, Mich.

[22] Filed: Jan. 15, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 323,977

Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 265,395, June 22, 1972, Pat. No. 3,763,187, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 154,182, June 17, 1971, abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 806,739, March 12, 1969, abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 677,772, Oct. 24, 1967, abandoned.

[52] US. Cl. 424/275; 252/106; 252/107 [51] Int. Cl. A01N 9/12 [58] Field of Search 424/275 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,207,660 9/1965 Cannon 424/287 X OTHER PUBLICATIONS J.A.C.S., Vol. 80, 8/20/58, pp. 42794281. Chem. Abstr. Subject Index (19474946) p. 66845.

Primary Examiner-Frederick E. Waddell Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Theodore Post; C. Kenneth Bjork [5 7] ABSTRACT The present invention is concerned with novel antimicrobial thienyliodonium salts and methods and compositions employing the same, and is particularly directed to a class of thienyliodonium salts which are of value as antimicrobials and microbicides for the control of many bacterial organisms such as the gramnegative and gram-positive types, the molds, the mildews, the fungi and the slimes, and are of particular value for the preservation of paper, plaster, wallboards, fabric, textiles, cooling waters, plasticizers, latices, polymers, resins, adhesives, inks, paints, fuels, cutting oils, greases, seeds, terrestrial plants, detergents, soaps, shampoos and wood.

2 Claims, No Drawings BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Many chemical materials have been proposed as valuable as antimicrobials and as preservatives. However, the materials heretofore proposed usually have been restricted in their scope of utility by virtue of one or more shortcomings such as low toxicity to bacterial organisms, toxicity to a relatively few types of organisms, toxicity to gram-positive types but not to gramnegative types of bacterial organisms, unfavorable toxicity to aquatic or terrestrial plants, unfavorable toxicity to mammals and lack of toxicity in the presence of detergents or soaps. The present compounds and methto many bacterial plants and their habitats in bactericidal amounts to obtain excellent controls of the microbial organisms which attack the seeds, roots or aboveground portions of terrestrial plants. Such'practiceproods wherein they are employed as microbicides are be- SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The novel compounds of the present invention are thienyliodonium salts corresponding to the following formula:

H C1 I s R wherein R represents chloride, trifluoroacetate or trichloroacetate. These compounds are crystalline solid materials which are somewhat soluble in many common organic solvents and in water.

The invention further provides the method which comprises treating microbes in inanimate, plant and external animal habitats with an antimicrobial amount of such a Z-thienyliodonium salt. The invention further provides germicidal detergents comprising an antimicrobial amount of a 4-chlorophenyl-Z-thienyliodonium salt, as defined above.

The compounds have been found to be of high toxicity to many bacterial organisms or plants including gram-negative and gram-positive types, such as S. aureus, S. typhosa, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. pel- Iiculosa, A. terreus, A. aerogenes, P. chrysogenum, A. niger, C. globosum, P. digitatum, P. citri, D. natalensis, A.

solani, E. amylovora or R. solani. The compounds are I of low toxicity to terrestrial plants and may be applied tects the terrestrial plants and seeds and improves crop yield and the emergence and growth of seedlings. ln further operations, it has been found that the' compounds may be included in adhesives, cooling waters, inks, plasticizers, latices, resinous polymeric materials, fuels, greases, soaps, detergents, shampoos, cutting oils and oil or latex paints to prevent mold and mildew and the degradation of such products resulting from microbial attack. By resinous polymeric materials is meant natural and synthetic resinous ,polymers and plastic compositions or films derived therefrom. Also. the compounds advantageously may be distributed in natural and synthetic fabrics, and paper or other cellulosic products, or may be employed in the impregnation of wood, lumber, wallboard, and plaster to protect such products from the attack of the bacterial organisms of rot, mold, mildew and decay.

The thienyliodonium trifluoroacetate can be prepared by reacting together trifluoroacetic acid, thiophene, and 4-chloroiodosobenzene diacetate having the formula:

The reaction is preferably carried out in an organic liquid such as methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride, carbon tetrachloride, methylchloroform, heptane, or methylcyclohexane, and conveniently in acetic anhydride or in a mixture of acetic anhydride and trifluoroacetic acid. The reaction goes forward when the reagents are employed in any amounts. The reaction consumes the reagents in substantially equimolecular amounts and the employment of amounts which represent about equimolecular proportions is preferred. The reaction proceeds under temperatures from 30 to 40C. and is preferably carried out at temperatures of from 20 to 40C. Upon completion of the. reaction, the desired 4-chlorophenyl-Z-thienyliodonium trifluoroacetate is separated by conventional procedures.

In a convenient method of carrying out the reaction, the trifluoroacetic acid and iodosodiacetate are brought togehter in the reaction medium and the thiophene reagent added portionwise thereto with agitation. The reaction is exothermic and goes forward readily with the addition of the thiophene. The temperature of the reaction mixture can be controlled by regulating the rate of the addition of thiophene and by external cooling. The reaction essentially is complete upon completion of the addition of the thiophene. Al-

lowing the resulting mixture to stand for a period oftime at somewhat elevated temperatures oftentimes gives some improvement in yield. Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture may be distilled under reduced pressure to remove a portion of the low boiling constituents and obtain the desired 4- chlorophenyl-2-thienyliodonium trifluoroacetate as a cyrstalline residue. This residue may be further purified by crystallization from organic solvents or aqueous organic solvents such asacetone, ethyl acetate, heptane or mixtures thereof.

The corresponding trichloroacetate is prepared by substituting trichloroacetic acid in place of trifluoro acetic acid in the procedure described above.

The corresponding chloride can be prepared from the 4-chlorophenyl-2-thienyliodonium trifluoroacetate by treatment ofsaid trifluoroacetate with gaseous or "aqueous hydrogen chloride. The reaction of the trifluoroacetate with'the hydrogen chloride preferably is Mcarried out in a liquid'reaction medium, conveniently in acetone or ethylacetate. The amounts of the reagents to be employed are not critical, some of the dey sired 'thienyliodonium chloride being obtained when employing the reagents in any-proport ions. However, the reaction consumes: the reagents in substantially equimolecular.proportions and the use of the reagents in amounts which, represent such proportions is preferred. The reaction takes place readily at temperatures' of from to 50C. with the production of the 4- chlorophenyl-2-thienyliodonium chloride and trifluo- ,roacetic acid. During the reaction, the chloride salt usually precipitates in the reaction mixture as a crystalline solid. Followinglthe reaction,the reaction mixture salt products The 4-chlorophenyl-2- rated by decantation under reduced filtration, and further purified byrecrystallization from variousorganic solvents or aqueous organic solvents such as acetone,

ethyl acetate, normalpentane, heptane or'mixtures .ithereof. v I I i J The iodo sodiacetate employed as a starting material as herein described can'be prepared-in accordance with knownqujmethods. In "such l methods," 4-

, chloroiodobenzene dichloride is reacted with lead ace- 'tate('CH COO-Pb-OOCQH- The'reaction takes place .readily at room temperature'with the production of the desired diacetate and lead'chlorideQThe dichloride-employed in such mechanism is-conveniently 'preparedin aj ltnown 'procedure' by the -chlorination of 4- x2 chloroiodobenzene. i

chloroiod'osobenzene diacetate can'be prepared by re- ,Iacting'the 4-chloroiodobenzene with peracetic acid in acetic acid 'an'd'acetic,anhydride'solution. This reaction alternative prccedures' the .4-

conveniently iscarried out at room temperature. In

these reaction, 4-chloroiodosobenzene diacetate, the desired product, is isolated as a crystalline solid and-is f separated and-purified in accordance with known pro-. "l iedures. I

Good controls of microbes can be obtained when the toxicant compounds'are applied "to the above-ground portions: of terrestrial plantsxat a dosage of from I to or more pounds per acre (l.'l2- 1 l.2 kgJhectare). In

I applications to soil for the control of root-attacking microbes, good resultsare obtained. when the salt compounds are distributed at a rate of from 10 to 100 pounds or more per acre (11.2-112 kg/hectare). In

general field applications, it is usually preferred that the compounds be distributed to a depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm.) below the soil surfaces.

In the protection and preservation of inks, adhesives, soaps, detergents, greases,"fuels, cutting oils, textiles,

-gfa'brics, latices, resinous plasticizerstpolymeric material's. and paper, good results are obtained when the compounds are incorporated in such products in the amount of at least 0.0005 percent by weight. In the protection of seeds, good results are obtained when the seeds are treated with the compounds at a dosage of 0.5 ounce per 100 pounds of seed (0.03 weight percent based on weight of seed). In the preservation of wood, wallboard and plaster, excellent results are obtained when the compounds are incorporated by conventional treatment of these products in the amount of 0.1 pound or more per cubic foot (0.0016 g./cc.) of product. In the treatment of fruit, good results are obtained with liquid washes containing at least 5 parts per million by weight of salt compound.

In the preservation and protection of oil and latex paints and primers against destruction caused by the growth of bacteria, the compounds are preferably employed at concentrations of at least 0.05 percent by The method of the present invention can be carried out employing unmodified compounds or by employment of liquid or dust compositions containing the toxicants. In such usage, the compounds are modified with one or a plurality of additaments or adjuvants including water, organic solvents,-petroleum oils, petroleum distillates, naphthas or other liquid carriers, polymeric thickening agents, urea, surface-active dispersing agents and finely divided inert solids. In compositions wherein the adjuvant or helper is a finely divided solid, a surface-active agent or the combination of a surfaceactive agent and a liquid diluent, the carrier cooperates with the active component so as to facilitate the invention and to obtain an improved result.

- be from about 0.1 to 95 percent by weight. In compositions to be employed as concentrates, the toxicants can be present in a concentration of from 5 to 98 percent by weight.

- In further embodiments, the salt compounds as employed in accordance with the present invention, or compositions containing the same, can be advantageously employed in the present invention in combination with one or more pesticidal or preservation compounds'to obtain products of enhanced properties. In

such embodiments, such pesticidal or preservative compounds are employed either as a supplemental toxicant, as additament or as an adjuvant. Representative pesticidal or preservative compounds include substituted phenols, cresols, substituted cresols and their heavy metal salts, bisphenols and thiobisphenols; halogenated salicylanilides, organosulfur compounds, carbamate compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, organometallic compounds, inorganic salts and miscellaneous other compounds such as phenol; cresol; trichlorophenols; tetrachlorophenols; pentachlorophenol; p-chloro-m-cresol; diand tribrominated salicylanilides; 2,2'-methylene-bis(3,4,6- trichlorophenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4,6-dichlorophenol); l- (3-chloroallyl )-3 ,5 ,7-triaza- 1 -azoniaadamantane chloride; halo(alkylsulfonyl)-pyridines; halo(alkylsulfinyl)- pyridines; 2,4,5-tribromosalicylanilide; -2-chloro-4- phenyl mercuric oleate; phenylmercuric propionate;-

chloro'methoxy acetoxy mercuripropane; bis-tributyl tin oxide; bis-tripropyl tin oxide; copper pentachlorophenate; copper 8-hydroxyquinolate; mercuric chloride; boric acid; sodium borate; ethylmercuric chloride; 9-undecylenic acid; or 10,10- oxybisphenoxarsine and l,4-bromobisacetobutene.

DESCRIPTION OF SOME PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS EXAMPLE 1 4-Chlorophenyl-2-thienyliodoniurn trifluoroacetate 4-Chloroiodosobenzene diacetate (17.3 grams; 0.05

mole) was dispersed in a mixture of milliliters each of acetic anhydride and trifluoroacetic acid, and a solution of thiophene (8.4 grams; 0.10 mole) in 60 milliliters of acetic anhydride added slowly ther'eto.The addition was carried out with stirring in 55 minutes at C. Stirring was continued for 65 minutes at 20C., and the reaction mixture thereafter warmed and maintained at --3C. with stirring for 15 hours to insure completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was concentrated by fractional distillation under reduced pressure up to 50C., and the resulting residue diluted with 100 milliliters of diethyl ether. During the dilution, the 4-chlorophenyl-2thienyliodonium trifluoroacetate precipitated as a crystalline solid and was separated by filtration. The solid, recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and normal pentane, melted at l56"-l5 7.5C.

EXAMPLE 2. 4-Chlorophenyl-Lthinyliodonium chloride 4-Chlorophenyl-2-thienyliodonium trifluoroacetate (7 grams; 0.0161 mole) was dispersed in 8 milliliters' of an 88 percent by weight solution of formic acid in water, and a saturated aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride l2 milliliters) added thereto at room temperature with stirring. During the addition, 4-chlorophenyl-2- thienyliodonium chloride precipitated as a crystalline 1 solid and was filtered, washed with ether and water,

and twice recrystallized from ethanol. The produc melted at 217-218C. v

EXAMPLE 3 The 4-chlorophenyl-2-thienyliodonium chloride, trifluoroacetate and trichloroacetate salts are dispersed in 6. growth. The examination shows that the agar surface in the dishes containing the thienyliodonium salts is free of microbial growth. At the time of these observations the check dishes are found-to supporta heavy growth.

of the two named organisms.

EXAMPLE 4 4-Chlorophenyl-2-thienyliodonium chloride is em-' ployed in a paint composition to protect the paint from attack and subsequent degradation by the organisms of mold and mildew. In such operations, the salt compound is dispersed and incorporated in the latex paint in the amount of 0.3.percent by 'weight of the ultimate paint composition.

- The paint employed in these operations is prepared by intimately blending a pigment dispersion with a let-1 down including a synthetic latex comprising an interpolymer of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate. acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. The paint has the following composition.

Pigment dispersion: Approximate lbs. per 100 gallons (g./l.)'= 3' Water I40 (168) l Potassiu'm tripolyphosphate 1.5 (1.8)

Titanium dioxide 240 (288) .Mica (325 mesh) "50 Calcium carbonate 20 (24) Clay (finely ground) 20 (24) Propylene glycol (mol. wt. I200) 4 (4 8) Let down:

per lOO gallons(g./l.) Methyl cellulose v 50 a Synthetic latex 506 )-v Anti-foam agent Approximate lbs. I l

tropical chamber at a relative humidity of percent and a temperature of 82F. (28C.). Following this period, the wood panels are examined to ascertain what; control of plant growth is obtained. The examination 1 1 growth ofthe organ 1 isms of mold and mildew. 1 \i i At the time of the observation, the check panels painted with the unmodified composition are found to. support a heavy growth of the organisms of mold and.- mildew covering approximately '75 'percent' of (the shows a complete control of the painted surfaces.

EXAMPLE '5 a I Phenyl-Z-thienyliodonium chloride,

poses, diphenyliodonium chloride are individually dis-v persed in Ivory soap to provide concentrates containing 1 part by weight of iodonium salt to 50 parts by weight of soap. The soap concentrates are serially dispersed a and serially diluted with liquid nutrient agar at 42C ."to

prepare culture media containing various concentraone-tenth milliliter of bacterial culture per 20 milliliters of cultur medium containing each test compound. In a check operation, nutrient agar containing the same amount of Ivory soap is similarly inoculated with the bisthienyliodonium chloride, and, for comparative pur same organism. After 2 days incubation at 37C., the plates are examined for microbial growth. The examination shows that the plates containing 2.5 parts per million", ppm; 'by weight of phenyl=2-thienyliodonium chloride and parts per million'by weight of 2,2- bisthienyliodonium chloride are completely free of bacterial growth (referred to as 100 percent kill in Tables) of S. aureus while the plates containing 500 parts per million by weight of dipheyliodonium chloride and the check plates containing no iodonium salt are found to have a heavy uniform growth of the test organism.

The procedure described above is repeated with varying concentrations of 4-chlorophenyl-2- thienyliodonium chloride, 3,4-dichlorophenyl-2- thienyliodonium chloride, and for comparative purposes bis(4-chlorophenyl)iodonium chloride, phenyl-4-chlorophenyliodonium chloride and bis-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)iodonium chloride in a series of tests wherein the culture media are inoculated individually with the organism A. aerogenes. The results obtained are summarized in following Table l.

TABLE I Percent Concentration Kill of Thienyl Compound (p.p.m.) A. aerugenes 4-chlorophenyI-Z-thienyliodonium chloride 1 100 3,4-dichlorophcnyl-2- thienyliodonium chloride l 100 For comparison bis(4-chlorophenyl)iodonium chloride I00 0 phenyl-4-chlorophenyliodonium chloride 0 bis(2,4-dichlorophenyl)- iodonium chloride 10 0 The procedure described above is again repeated in aseries of tests wherein the culture media are inoculated individually with the organism S. typhosa and wherein the culture media contain varying concentrations of one of the iodonium salts, as set forth in following Table I]. The plates upon examination exhibit results summarized in Table II.

The; procedure described above is once again repeated with each of 2,2'-bisthienyliodonium chloride, phenyl-2-thienyliodonium chloride, 4-bromophenyl2- thienyliodonium chloride, bis(4-bromophenyl)iodonium chloride and bis(4-bromophenyl)iodonium bromide in a series of tests wherein the culture media are inoculated individually with the organism A. aerogenes. The results obtained are summarized in follow-- ing Table III.

TABLE Ill Concentration Percent Kill of Thienyl Compound (p.p.m.) A: aerugmu'x 2,2-bisthienyliodonium chloride 5 I00 phcnyl-2-thienyliodonium chloride 2.5 I00 4-bromophenyl-2-thienyliodonium chloride 5 I00 For comparison bis(4-bromophenyl) iodonium chloride 10 0 bis(4 bromophenyl)iodonium bromide 10 0 EXAMPLE 6 A germicidal shampoo is prepared having the following weight percent composition:

A. thienyliodonium salt 2 B. ethanol 2 C. triethanolamine ammonium lauryl sulfate 19.0

D. oleic diethanolamide 3.2 1

E. lauric isopropanolamide 1.7

F. water 72.1 F is added to a mixture of C, D and E with stirring to form a clear solution, and to the resulting solution is added a slurry of A in B with continued stirring to form aclear solution. Any of the thienyliodonium salts disclosed in Examples 3 is used as ingredient A.

EXAMPLE 7 Two parts by weight of each of the thienyliodonium salt compounds identified in Example 3 is separately mixed and ground with 98 weight parts of a soap or non-ionic detergent powder to give germicidal detergent compositions. By detergent is meant an anionic or non-ionic detergent, i.e., a fatty acid soap or a nonioninc syndet soap or a mixture of fatty acid and nonionic syndets.

EXAMPLE 8 The growth-inhibitory activity of the below-indicated compounds against some microorganisms most relevant to the human skin was determined by standard agar dilution techniques to provide the data given in following Table 1. 1

Table l contd.

Minimum grmrth inhibitor concentra- Conmound tion, ppm:

S. aure'ul P. new S. tmhou Ill-c nc-lactate I 1.56 6.25 c: n c;

sa m ca 6 1 1 .411

llerthiollte V Irgam In Table l, the first column gives the chemical stru'c; tures of the test compounds, whilethe additioiialol-f umns give the names of the test organisms and the bition against the particular microorganisms indicated.

A dash indicates that the compound was not tested 1 against that organism. For each p.p.m. of test compound, 50 p.p.m. of Ivory soap was also present in the culture medium for part A of Table 1, while in part B of Table l, the culture medium was free of any additive other than the test compound. The data for compounds 13 through 16 of part B of Table 1 were taken from Cannon US. Pat. No. 3,207,660 while those for com pounds 17 and 18 were taken from trade literature.

The data show a difference in kind in antimicrobial activity for the thienyliodonium compounds when compared with diphenyland substituted diphenyliodonium compounds known to have some antimicrobial activity and closest in structure to the thienyliodonium com pounds. Also, the data show no substantial difference as between culture media containing Ivory soap and not containing Ivory soap.

The antimicrobial effectiveness against P. aeruginosa v (.Pseuaorhonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas) of the ft'hienyliodonium" salts is noteworthy. This organism is I gcon sidered one of the most dangerous pathogens and muminhibitory concentration in parts per' ifiillio'ri I (p.p.m.) of the compounds listed for 100% grov'vlthihhi is responsible'for the constantly increasing number-of hospital cross infections caused by gram-negative bacteria in the last decade. See, for example Disinfection, M.A. Benarde, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1970, 260-263 and Inhibition and Destruction of the Microbial Cell, W.B. Hugo, Ed., Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 1971, 330-333.

EXAMPLE 9 The range-finding oral median lethal dose (LDso) for iodonium and other antimicrobial compounds, including diphenyland thienyliodonium salts as well as several proprietary products was determined in mice. Compounds 1 through 1 l of following Table 2 were fed to five groups of two mice each, the test compound being administered in suspension in corn oil as a single oral dose and the mortality experience of the mice was observed over a 14-day period. Data for compounds 12 through 15 were taken from US. Pat. No. 3,207,660, and for compounds 16 through 18 were taken from trade literature.

'l'tblc 2 cmmsmr w om m n u 1mm. nos: 101mm:

Table 2 contd.

COMPARISON or om mm: mm DOSE OF Ionomuu sans mm momlggmy mm: B Is TOXICITY Camnound (nice) o fig Q 9. (lg/U m c11 mA Table ,2 contd.

COMPARISON OF ORAL MEDIAN LETHAL DOSE SALTS AHD PROPRIETARY ANTI] OF IODONIUM TOXICITY Compound (mice) so, 9 T

Merthlolate 17. c c1 #000 1 n Irgaaan 61 0H CH 0H 01 l C1 01 G]. C]. Haxachlorcghene S. C. ==subcutarxeoul Table 2 shows that whereas (pgram-negative bacteria coupled with a desirabel low chlorophenyl)(phenyliodonium)chloride, is shown in Table l to be one of the more effective antimicrobials of the diphenyliodonium type, it has a low and under- 'sirable LDs of 68 mg/kg in mice. The antimicrobial fective and have desirably high LD values of 500. to

more than 4,000, as shown.

EXAMPLE 10 Based on the screening data reported above, which showed for the thienyliodonium salts in general a high" level of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and representative tests for inhibitory activity of the said compound against a plurality of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi and yeasts were carried out starting with the following formulations.

I: 0.1% ClPhThlCl: 5.0 gms of dried powdered Dove soap (coconut oil acid ester of sodium isethionate) in 94.9 ml. of water II: 0.25% ClPhThlCl: 55% Varifoam YM (modified alcohol sulfate, 38% active), 0.1% 'citric acid in 44% water. pH 5.5. lII: 0.125% ClPhThlCl: 50% Tergitol 15-8-9, (polyglycol ether of linear alcohol, 100% active), 0.05%

citric acid in 50% water. pH 2.2.

W: 0.25% ClPhThICl in Touch of Sweden hand 10- tion, pH ca. 5.5. V: 0.25% ClPhThlCl: 0.1% citric acid in glycerin 19 VI: 0.25% ClPhThICI: 0.1% citric acid in ethanol VII: 0.1% ClPhThICl: 0.1% Citric acid in Dowanol DPM (dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether) VIII: 0.1% ClPhThICl: in water Formulations VI and VII were aged 3 weeks at room 5 temperature before being tested for antimicrobial activity. The other compositions were not aged before testing.

Test Procedure:

Initially, a stock solution in water for each formulation was prepared by dilution to contain 100 ppm ClPhThlCl. From this 100 ppm stock solution, test agars were prepared by mixing appropriate amounts of the stock solution with a measured amount of sterile molten agar that had beencooled to 60C. The treated I molten agar was immmediately mixed and poured into a sterile petri dish. Nutrient agar was used for testing bacterial and malt yeast agar for fungi and yeasts. In most cases, the test agars containing 10, 7.5, 5.0, 2.5,

1.0, 0.75 and 0.5 ppm of ClPhThlCl were prepared from each formulation as described above. In the case of fungi and yeast, a concentration of 50 ppm was also tested. Agars containing the formulation without the antimicrobial were also included at the appropriate levels to test the activity of the formulation.

The test cultures were applied to the surface of the hardened agar with a sterile cotton swab. A streak of about 1 /2 inches long was made, The inoculatedplates were incubated for 48 hours at C. Results in Table 3 are recorded as growth or no growth for the minimum concentration for 100% inhibition of growth. In all cases, the next lower concentration tested failed to inhibit growth of the microorganism completely. The blank spaces indicate that the formulation was not tested against the indicated microorganism.

EXAMPLE 11 Also, the oral median lethal dose, LD was determined for ClPhThlCl in Swiss mice (Cox strain) within a weight range of 16 to 22 grams. Five groups of mice, each consisting of 15 males and 15 females, were given ClPhThlCl in an aqueous 0.5 percent METHOCEL hydroxypropyl methylcellulos'e (4000 cps.) suspension at a concentration of 300 mg/ml. The compounds was administered as a single oral dose at 0.2 logarithmic dose intervals (708, 1,120, 1,780, 2,820, 4,450 mg/kg) and the following mortality experience was noted:

Table 3 A: MINIMUM CONCENTRATION IN PPM OF CIPhThICl GIVING INHIBITION OF BACTERIA Microorganism Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus albus Salmonella typhosa Salmonella paratyphi Salmonella choleraseus Bacillus subtilis Bacillus mycoides Bacillus mcgaterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas spp PRD-IO Pseudomonas fluurescens Aerobaeler aerogenes Alcaligens faecales Escherechia coli Proteus vulgaris Proteus mirabilis Proteus morginii Flavobacleria arborescens Micrococcus candidus Sarcina lutea Brevihacterium ammoneagenes Serratia marcescens Streptococcus mutans Formulation IMF I i VI VII VIII Formulation itself indicates activity at a concentration equivalent to the amount used which would contain 10 ppm of ClPhThlCl.

"Formulations aged 3 weeks at room temperature before being tested.

B: Minimum Concentration in ppm of ClPhThICl Giving l00% Inhibition of Fungi and Yeast Formulations Microorganism I IV V Formulation itself indicates activity at a concentration equivalent to the amount which would contain 50 ppm of ClPhThlCl Dose 24 Hours 7 Days Group (mg/kg) Males No. Dead at l4 Days Males Females No. Dead at No. Dead at Females Males Females 1120 0/15 O/IS H15 H15 l/l5 2/I5 4450 l5/l5 l3/l5 l5/l5 15/15 15/15 15/15 The percent of total mortalites occurring was 16.0, 66.6, 81.5, and 91.3 at 6. 24. 48 and 72 hours posttreatment, respectively. The last death occurred in a female (1120 mg/kg group) on day 14 of the study. LD values and 95 percent confidence limits calculated at 24 hours, 7 and 14 days by the method of Litehfield-Wilcoxon were as follows:

24 hours Male mice-2,300 mg/kg; 95% Confidence limits 1,916-2,760 mg/kg Female mice-2,700 mg/kg; 95% Confidence limits 2,300-3,591 mg/kg 7 Days Male mice-1,760 mg/kg; 95% Confidence limits 1.353-2,288 mg/kg Female-1,700 mg/kg; 95% Confidence 1,172-2.455 mg/kg 14 Days Male mice-1,760 mg/kg; 95% Confidence limits l,353-2,288 mg/kg Female mice-1,580 mg/kg; 95% confidence limits 1,264-1,975 mg/kg The oral median lethal dose (LD of ClPhThlCl was also determined in Sprague-Dawley (Cox strain) rats within a weight range of 93 to 118 grams. Five groups of rats, each consisting of males and 10 females, were given the compound in an aqueous 0.5 percent limits Female rats-L600 mg/kg; 95% Confidence limits 1,2302,080 mg/kg 7 and 14 Days Male rats-1,640 mg/kg; 95% Confidence limits 1,17l2,296 mg/kg Female rats-1,100 mg/kg; 95% Confidence limits 785-l,540 mg/kg EXAMPLE 12 The growth-inhibitory activity of 4-chlorophenyl-2- thienyliodonium chloride, trifluoroacetate and trichloroacetate salts'against some microorganisms most relevant to the human skin was determined by standard agar dilution tests using conventional nutrient agar for testing bacteria and conventional malt yeast agar for testing fungi and yeasts and wherein the culture medium was free of any additive'other than the test compound and water used to dissolve the same. The test plates were incubated at C. for 72 hours. Results are summarized in the following Table.

GROWTH INHIBITOR! CONCENTRATIONS 4-CHLOROPHENYL-2-THIENYLlODONlUM:

Concentration Chloride Trifluoroacetate Trichloroacetate ppm, agar Bacteria Fungi,Yeasts Bacteria Fungi,Yeasts Bacteria Fungi,Yeasts basis 521* St Aa Pa Ca Tm Po T Sa St Aa Pa Ca Tm Pd T Sa St Aa Pa Ca in Pd T 100 1 x x z 75 1- i x 1 5 1 25 i 10 7.5 v 5.0 2.5 I 1.0 x z I a: Untreated control Rating.

+ growth 2 greater than reduction or growth H greater than 90% reduction of growth no growth Su I S. unu'us Aa A. gem mar Pd P. dlgilalum T w Tric'hoderma Species Madison P-42 METHOCEL hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (4000 cps.) suspension at a concentration of 300 mg/ml. The 'compound was administered as a single oral dose at 0.2 logarithmic dose intervals (709. 1.120, 1,780, 2,820, 4,450 mg/kg). and the following mortality experience was noted:

What is claimed is:

1. The method for controlling microbes selected from the group consisting of bacteria, fungi and yeasts which comprises contacting the said microbes with an antimicrobial amount of 4.-chlorophenyl-2- thienyliodonium chloride, trifluoroacetate or trichlor- The percent of total mortalities occuring was 53.9, 79.3, 85.7 and 93.6 at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours posttreatment, respectively. The last death occurred between 72 and 96 hours post-treatment in male rats in oacetate salt.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the active agent 18 4-chlorophenyl-2-thienyliodonium chloride.

Q UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATE T NO. 2

N 3,885,036 g 1 of 5 DATED May 20, 1975 Q lN\/ ENTOR(S) Clarence L. Moyle It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Q Column 2, line 51, "togehter" should read -together;

Column 3, line 29, delete under reduced" add Column 3, line 44, "In a alternative" should read -In an alternative;

Column 4, line 49, "preservation" should read -preservative;

Column 4, line 53, "as additament" should read -an additament-;

Column 6, line 61, delete "both";

a Column 7, line 9, "dipheyliodonium" should read diphenyliodonium-;

Column 8, line 45, "Examples 3" should read-Example 3;

. 8, line 55 "iOninc" read --i0nic--; 5

Column 17, line 51, "under" should read -unde--;

Column 13, line 48, "desirabel" should read desirable--; i

"U NITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. 3, 885,036 Page 2 of 5 DATED May 20 19 75 INVENTOR(S) Clarence L. Moyle It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and'that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 19, line 16, "immediately" should read "immediately- Column 19, line 22, "yeast" should read -yeasts-;

Table 3, section B, UNDER sub heading formulations, all of the signs should read Table 3, section B, under heading No. Dead at 24 Hours, unders subheading Males, "0/15" should read 3/l5;

Column 20, line 21, The compound--;

"The compounds" should read Column 21, line 21, "confidence" should read -Confidence;

Q UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE ()F CORRECTION PATENT NO. 1 3 5 03 g 5 of 5 DATED May 20, 1975 Q INVENTOR(S) Clarence L. Moyle it is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Ca Tm Pd T I I J7 I I e 2 r a Column 21, line 65, "mortalities occuring" should read mortalities occurring--.

Signed and Scaled this 0 ninth Day Of March 1976 [SEAL] 2 Attest:

g RUTH c. MASON c. MARSHALL DANN Aflesting 0/1706 Commissioner nflatenls and Trademarks I.- I I 

1. THE METHOD FOR CONTROLLING MICROBES SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF BACTERIA, FUNGI AND YEASTS WHICH COMPRISES CONTACTING THE SAID MICROBES WITH AN ANTIMICROBIAL AMOUNT OF 4-CHLOROPHENYL-2-THIENYLIODONIUM CHLORIDE, TRIFLUOROACETATE OR TRICHLOROACETATE SALT.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the active agent is 4-chlorophenyl-2-thienyliodonium chloride. 